Duplicate Exchange Union

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Exchange nailing for non-union of femoral shaft fractures.

BACKGROUND There are many ways to treat aseptic non-union of femoral shaft fractures with reported varied success rate. Amongst all these, Exchange nailing is the simplest and most successful technique for treating aseptic non union of femoral shaft fractures. We have carried out a prospective study in the Department of Trauma & Orthopaedics, Ayub Medical College Abbottabad to analyse the role ...

Exchange Rate Policy and Economic Convergence in the European Union

This paper tests for long-run macroeconomic convergence among European Union countries according to the various exchange rate regimes that have prevailed over the last forty years. Applying a recently developed test to monthly index of industrial production data, output convergence is confirmed or rejected depending on whether or not the first largest principal component based on benchmark devi...

Multiple submission, duplicate submission and duplicate publication.

Hospital Switching and Duplicate Tests: Can Health Information Exchange Reduce Redundant Testing?

Recent healthcare reform has pointed out the excessive amount of redundancies and waste in US healthcare spending, in which duplicate testing is one contributing factor. In this research, we investigate the sources of waste in terms of duplication of radiology imaging tests when information sharing across providers are fragmented and patients may switch from one hospital to another throughout t...